Find Paper, Faster
Example：10.1021/acsami.1c06204 or Chem. Rev., 2007, 107, 2411-2502
Gauge independence of pion masses in a magnetic field within the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
Physical Review D  (IF5.296),  Pub Date : 2021-10-20, DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.074026
Jianing Li, Gaoqing Cao, Lianyi He

We investigate the properties of neutral and charged pions in a constant background magnetic field mainly at zero temperature within the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. In the previous calculations, the Ritus method involving Schwinger phases in a fixed gauge was employed within the momentum-space random phase approximation (RPA) [M. Coppola et al., Phys. Lett. B 782, 155 (2018).]. However, gauge invariance of the charged pion masses has not yet been examined. In this work, by adopting the linear response theory based on the imaginary-time path integral formalism, we derive the correlation functions for pions in coordinate space, where the corresponding Schwinger phases show up automatically. At sufficiently large imaginary time $\tau$, the meson correlation function approaches an exponential form $\sim \mathrm{exp}\left(-{E}_{\mathrm{G}}\tau \right)$, where ${E}_{\mathrm{G}}$ is the ground-state energy of the one-meson state and hence determined as the meson mass. Furthermore, we show that the mass of the charged pions is gauge independent, i.e., independent of the choice of the vector potential for the magnetic field. Actually, we also find that the momentum-space RPA is equivalent to the imaginary-time method used here.